{"data": [
{"ent1": "The Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone",
"rel": "is an oceanic area of ​​approximately",
"ent2": "4.5 million km²"},

{"ent1": "The Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "an extensive oceanic area"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "corresponds to approximately",
"ent2": "52 % of Brazil's continental area"},

{"ent1": "The Continental Shelf",
"rel": "comprises",
"ent2": "the bed and subsoil of maritime areas"},

{"ent1": "the bed and subsoil of maritime areas",
"rel": "extend to",
"ent2": "the outer edge of the continental margin"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "presented its request for",
"ent2": "the extension of the Continental Shelf"},

{"ent1": "“Amazônia Azul”",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "a little smaller than the Amazon Rainforest"},

{"ent1": "approximately 95 % of our foreign trade",
"rel": "is carried out by",
"ent2": "sea"},

{"ent1": "the pre-salt",
"rel": "is estimated to have",
"ent2": "35 billion barrels of recoverable reserves"},

{"ent1": "world production of fishing",
"rel": "will grow",
"ent2": "40 % by 2020"},

{"ent1": "the leisure segment",
"rel": "has high potential for",
"ent2": "development"},

{"ent1": "The environmental aspects",
"rel": "emphasize the need to preserve",
"ent2": "the marine biome"},

{"ent1": "The governmental and non-governmental organizations that work in this field",
"rel": "have been playing",
"ent2": "an important role"},

{"ent1": "The borders of the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "are imaginary lines over",
"ent2": "the sea"},

{"ent1": "what defines the borders",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "the existence of ships patrolling them or performing presence actions"},

{"ent1": "The protection of this rich heritage",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "a complex task"},

{"ent1": "The Brazilian Navy",
"rel": "develops",
"ent2": "activities of Naval Inspection and Presence Actions"},

{"ent1": "any surveillance model for the “Blue Amazon ”",
"rel": "necessarily involves",
"ent2": "the adequate equipment of the Brazilian Navy."},

{"ent1": "Amazônia Azul",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "a Brazilian maritime territory"},

{"ent1": "The Blue amazon",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "an underwater world that has reserves of precious stones"},

{"ent1": "All coastal countries",
"rel": "have",
"ent2": "a maritime territory"},

{"ent1": "this oceanic area of ​​Brazil",
"rel": "is called",
"ent2": "the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "its size",
"rel": "is almost equivalent to",
"ent2": "that of the Amazon rainforest"},

{"ent1": "this maritime space",
"rel": "is equivalent to about",
"ent2": "52 % of the continental area"},

{"ent1": "The Brazilian maritime space",
"rel": "was declared as",
"ent2": "a territory of Brazil in 1982."},

{"ent1": "The vast majority of Brazil imports and exports",
"rel": "take place by",
"ent2": "sea"},

{"ent1": "The vast majority of Brazil imports and exports",
"rel": "generates hundreds of",
"ent2": "billions of dollars"},

{"ent1": "Amazônia Azul",
"rel": "has a large oil reserve in",
"ent2": "its interior"},

{"ent1": "knowledge about the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "can be collected in",
"ent2": "the tenders of the Brazilian Navy and Amazul"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "an immense diversity of living beings in its interior"},

{"ent1": "the physical-chemical aspects of its waters",
"rel": "do not provide a very rich environment in",
"ent2": "nutrients"},

{"ent1": "The lack of fish",
"rel": "becomes a problem due to",
"ent2": "the disputed demand for fishing"},

{"ent1": "fishing",
"rel": "is still threatened by",
"ent2": "coastal pollution and industrial fishing interests."},

{"ent1": "it is very difficult ",
"rel": "to monitor and inspect",
"ent2": "such a large area"},

{"ent1": "The exploration of mineral resources",
"rel": "represents approximately 4 % of",
"ent2": "the national GDP"},

{"ent1": "there is no concrete data",
"rel": "that inform",
"ent2": "the contribution of marine resources"},

{"ent1": "the extraction of mineral resources",
"rel": "compromises the stability of",
"ent2": "the coast"},

{"ent1": "the extraction of mineral resources",
"rel": "causes",
"ent2": "turbidity in the waters"},

{"ent1": "there are energy resources that can also be extracted from there",
"rel": "as is the case with",
"ent2": "dynamic marine processes and wind processes"},

{"ent1": "the maritime transport routes",
"rel": "are",
"ent2": "the main ecosystem service in the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "Tourism",
"rel": "is also",
"ent2": "a non-extractive resource"},

{"ent1": "the ocean",
"rel": "helps control",
"ent2": "global climate and greenhouse damage"},

{"ent1": "The capture of CO2",
"rel": "is also one of",
"ent2": "the benefits of the seas"},

{"ent1": "the seas",
"rel": "actively participate in",
"ent2": "the global carbon cycle"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon Day",
"rel": "is celebrated every year on",
"ent2": "November 16th"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon Day",
"rel": "was established by",
"ent2": "Law No. 13,187"},

{"ent1": "Law No. 13,187",
"rel": "aims to raise",
"ent2": "awareness of the importance of this region"},

{"ent1": "The creation of this date",
"rel": "was proposed in",
"ent2": "2014"},

{"ent1": "the 16th of November",
"rel": "was chosen in",
"ent2": "honor of the drafting of the Law of the Sea"},

{"ent1": "the Law of the Sea",
"rel": "entered into force ",
"ent2": "on November 16, 1994"},

{"ent1": "the Law of the Sea",
"rel": "establishes the limits for",
"ent2": "the maritime spaces of each country"},

{"ent1": "the Blue Amazon day",
"rel": "seeks to promote",
"ent2": "knowledge of the history of the Brazilian sea"},

{"ent1": "In 2004, Brazil",
"rel": "asked for",
"ent2": "the extension of its rights"},

{"ent1": "The incorporation of 170 thousand square kilometers",
"rel": "began in",
"ent2": "1987"},

{"ent1": "The Brazilian Navy",
"rel": "controls",
"ent2": "all activities carried out in this area"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "a very large area"},

{"ent1": "it",
"rel": "would be impossible to inspect",
"ent2": "all this territory"},

{"ent1": "some government programs",
"rel": "seek help from",
"ent2": "coastal communities"},

{"ent1": "Amazônia Azul",
"rel": "is responsible for",
"ent2": "a large part of the Brazilian economy"},

{"ent1": "An area that only Brazil can exploit economically",
"rel": "is called",
"ent2": "Amazônia Azul"},

{"ent1": "oil and gas extraction",
"rel": "make",
"ent2": "the oceanic strip fundamental for the country's economy and sovereignty"},

{"ent1": "The pre-salt reserves",
"rel": "are located in",
"ent2": "the Amazônia Azul area"},

{"ent1": "45 % of the fish produced in the country",
"rel": "are extracted from",
"ent2": "Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "Over 95 % of Brazilian foreign trade",
"rel": "is transported via",
"ent2": "sea routes"},

{"ent1": "the Plan for Surveying the Continental Shelf",
"rel": "assesses",
"ent2": "the potential of living and non-living resources"},

{"ent1": "The discovery of oil reserves in the pre-salt",
"rel": "made",
"ent2": "Brazil accelerate the extension of the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "the Navy",
"rel": "has intensified",
"ent2": "its role in defending Brazilian sovereignty over the Atlantic"},

{"ent1": "the Submarine Development Program",
"rel": "foresees",
"ent2": "the construction of five submarines"},

{"ent1": "the National Department of Mineral Production",
"rel": "has already notified the Brazilian government of",
"ent2": "the potential"},

{"ent1": "The use of the nuclear submarine",
"rel": "is considered",
"ent2": "a tool to maximize security"},

{"ent1": "the nuclear submarine",
"rel": "is not detectable via",
"ent2": "satellite"},

{"ent1": "recognition of the expansion of its Amazônia Azul",
"rel": "was divided into",
"ent2": "three regions"},

{"ent1": "the UN and new 170,000 km2",
"rel": "were incorporated into",
"ent2": "the Brazilian Continental Shelf"},

{"ent1": "The country",
"rel": "is still awaiting",
"ent2": "the analysis of requests"},

{"ent1": "the definition of the outer limit of the continental shelf",
"rel": "will be a legacy of",
"ent2": "fundamental importance"},

{"ent1": "the exploitation of marine biodiversity",
"rel": "is recognized as",
"ent2": "one of the most promising fields"},

{"ent1": "The Navy ",
"rel": "strives for",
"ent2": "the protection of the Brazilian Jurisdictional Waters"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "an extensive maritime area"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "has an area equivalent to",
"ent2": "67 % of our terrestrial territory"},

{"ent1": "LEPLAC ",
"rel": "will define",
"ent2": "Outer Limit of the Brazilian Continental Shelf"},

{"ent1": "2.1 million km² added to the 3.6 million km² of ZEE",
"rel": "will total",
"ent2": "a maritime area of ​​5.7 million km²"},

{"ent1": "The Brazilian sea",
"rel": "holds immense reserves of",
"ent2": "oil and gas"},

{"ent1": "The Brazilian sea",
"rel": "holds immense reserves of",
"ent2": "salt, gravel, sand, phosphorites, cobalt crusts, sulfides and polymetallic nodules, among others"},

{"ent1": "The Brazilian sea",
"rel": "contains ",
"ent2": "a wide variety of marine organisms of biotechnological value that have properties with wide applications"},

{"ent1": "The Interministerial Commission for the Resources of the Sea",
"rel": "guides the development of",
"ent2": "activities aimed at the effective use, exploration and sustainable use of natural resources in the Blue Amazon and international areas"},

{"ent1": "the training of human resources",
"rel": "stimulates the development of",
"ent2": "research and innovation"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "the exclusive economic zone of Brazil"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "exercises",
"ent2": "sovereignty over this region"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "enormous resource potential"},

{"ent1": "the exclusive economic zone",
"rel": "encompasses",
"ent2": "the entire margin of the Brazilian maritime coast"},

{"ent1": "its importance",
"rel": "is little recognized by",
"ent2": "Brazilians"},

{"ent1": "the main form of exploring the living resources",
"rel": "has been",
"ent2": "extractive fishing"},

{"ent1": "the physicochemical characteristics of the Amazon Blue waters",
"rel": "make up",
"ent2": "a nutrient-poor marine environment"},

{"ent1": "the physicochemical characteristics of the Amazon Blue waters",
"rel": "hinders the development of",
"ent2": "a more complex food chain"},

{"ent1": "this small amount of biomass",
"rel": "is disputed by",
"ent2": "around one million “artisanal” fishermen"},

{"ent1": "one million “artisanal” fishermen",
"rel": "who ",
"ent2": "practice subsistence fishing and are registered by fishing associations and colonies"},

{"ent1": "one million “artisanal” fishermen",
"rel": "depend on",
"ent2": "fishing"},

{"ent1": "fishing",
"rel": "is threatened by",
"ent2": "the environmental degradation of the coastal region, conflicts with industrial fishing and real estate speculation in coastal areas"},

{"ent1": "Industrial fishing",
"rel": "has exploited",
"ent2": "the same resources as artisanal fishing"},

{"ent1": "Industrial fishing",
"rel": "has been declining",
"ent2": "as a result of the degradation of the marine environment"},

{"ent1": "the degradation of the marine environment",
"rel": "occurs",
"ent2": "due to the use of shrimp trawling and seine nets to capture schools"},

{"ent1": "The nets",
"rel": "are not selective in capturing",
"ent2": "shrimp"},

{"ent1": "shrimp",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "the commercial target of fishermen"},

{"ent1": "Fishermen ",
"rel": "discard",
"ent2": "50 % of captured bystander fauna"},

{"ent1": "the aquarium hobby",
"rel": "targets",
"ent2": "ornamental fish"},

{"ent1": "the aquarium hobby",
"rel": "is still a problem for",
"ent2": "the conservation of biodiversity"},

{"ent1": "Existing laws",
"rel": "are not always obeyed in",
"ent2": "the immensity of the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "the exploration of mineral resources",
"rel": "represents almost 4 % of",
"ent2": "the national GDP"},

{"ent1": "Sand and gravel",
"rel": "are",
"ent2": "the resources that have the greatest potential for marine exploration in the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "ilmenite, monazite, zirconite and rutile",
"rel": "occur practically in",
"ent2": "the entire coastal strip of the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "The civil construction industry",
"rel": "is the major user of",
"ent2": "Sand and gravel"},

{"ent1": "Sand and gravel",
"rel": "are extracted from",
"ent2": "coastal regions"},

{"ent1": "Dredging",
"rel": "compromises",
"ent2": "stability of coastal regions"},

{"ent1": "Dredging ",
"rel": "increases",
"ent2": "the turbidity of marine waters"},

{"ent1": "the increase of turbidity in marine waters",
"rel": "hinders the development of",
"ent2": "phytoplankton"},

{"ent1": "Most of Brazil 's oil reserves",
"rel": "are in",
"ent2": "offshore fields"},

{"ent1": "The pre-salt",
"rel": "has significant economic importance for",
"ent2": "the country"},

{"ent1": "Marine ecosystem services",
"rel": "are resources inherent in",
"ent2": "the environment"},

{"ent1": "Marine ecosystem services",
"rel": "are",
"ent2": "not mensurable"},

{"ent1": "non-extractive resources",
"rel": "are as important as",
"ent2": "others"},

{"ent1": "The sea",
"rel": "is the main means of",
"ent2": "transport of foreign trade"},

{"ent1": "95 % of foreign trade",
"rel": "is carried out by",
"ent2": "sea"},

{"ent1": "Tourism",
"rel": "is an example of",
"ent2": "a non-extractive resource"},

{"ent1": "Tourism",
"rel": "contributes about",
"ent2": "10 % of the national GDP"},

{"ent1": "hotels, gastronomy, sport fishing, marine sports, underwater tourism and other services",
"rel": "support a significant portion of",
"ent2": "the coastal socio-economy"},

{"ent1": "the sea",
"rel": "controls",
"ent2": "the global climate and the planet's average temperature"},

{"ent1": "changes in the thermodynamic balance between the ocean and the atmosphere",
"rel": "can affect the development of",
"ent2": "organisms"},

{"ent1": "Another ecosystem service provided by the ocean",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "CO2 capture"},

{"ent1": "The sea",
"rel": "occupies almost",
"ent2": "71 % of the Earth 's surface"},

{"ent1": "The oceanic \"biological pump",
"rel": "is the capacity of",
"ent2": "the sea to absorb carbon gas from the atmosphere to form plant biomass through photosynthesis of microalgae"},

{"ent1": "in a forest, everything that dies",
"rel": "accumulates in",
"ent2": "a thin layer of soil"},

{"ent1": "Billions of tons of marine debris",
"rel": "settle annually on",
"ent2": "the ocean floor"},

{"ent1": "The breaking down of marine debris",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "an ongoing process"},

{"ent1": "the release of dissolve of carbon dioxide",
"rel": "has maintained",
"ent2": "an enormous reservoir of dissolved carbon"},

{"ent1": "The “ocean physical pump” or “solubility pump”",
"rel": "is another form of",
"ent2": "carbon dioxide absorption that occurs in ocean ecosystems"},

{"ent1": "The “ocean physical pump” or “solubility pump”",
"rel": "occurs in",
"ent2": "ocean ecosystems"},

{"ent1": "The “ocean physical pump” or “solubility pump”",
"rel": "is the capacity of",
"ent2": "sea water to maintain a certain amount of dissolved carbon dioxide"},

{"ent1": "the territorial sea",
"rel": "extends from",
"ent2": "the coast of Brazil"},

{"ent1": "Since the enactment of Law 8.617",
"rel": "Brazil exercises",
"ent2": "full sovereignty over the territorial sea"},

{"ent1": "The Exclusive Economic Zone",
"rel": "is located between",
"ent2": "the outer limit of the territorial sea, including the seabed and subsoil, as well as the overlying airspace"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "exercises sovereignty over",
"ent2": "the exploration and exploitation , conservation and management of natural resources , living or non-living in the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "The UNCLOS",
"rel": "also defined",
"ent2": "the continental platform over which coastal countries exercise sovereign rights to explore natural resources"},

{"ent1": "the seabed and subsoil",
"rel": "make up the group of",
"ent2": "benthos"},

{"ent1": "The continental shelf",
"rel": "extends from",
"ent2": "the boundary of the territorial sea to the outer edge of the continental margin"},

{"ent1": "The EEZ",
"rel": "comprises",
"ent2": "both marine areas located off the mainland of Brazil and those located around oceanic islands and rocks"},

{"ent1": "The blue amazon",
"rel": "reaches almost",
"ent2": "4.5 million square kilometers"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "exercises some form of",
"ent2": "sovereignty over the blue amazon"},

{"ent1": "The sum of the territorial sea and the Exclusive Economic Zone",
"rel": "has been called",
"ent2": "the \" Blue Amazon\""},

{"ent1": "The area of ​​continental Brazil",
"rel": "is approximately",
"ent2": "8.5 million square kilometers"},

{"ent1": "almost 35 % of the Brazilian territory",
"rel": "is in",
"ent2": "the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "the area of ​​the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "is equivalent to",
"ent2": "more than half of the continental area of ​​Brazil"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "contains",
"ent2": "an enormous amount of economically, socially and strategically important resources"},

{"ent1": "UNCLOS",
"rel": "designated",
"ent2": "the regions beyond the EEZ as Area"},

{"ent1": "The mineral resources of the Area",
"rel": "are common heritage of",
"ent2": "humanity"},

{"ent1": "biotechnological materials in the Area's seabed",
"rel": "are of",
"ent2": "great value"},

{"ent1": "the seabed resources of the Area",
"rel": "have",
"ent2": "political and strategic importance"},

{"ent1": "There is a well-defined legal framework",
"rel": "controls",
"ent2": "the exploitation of marine resources in both the Area and the EEZ"},

{"ent1": "International , national and regional legislation",
"rel": "determine",
"ent2": "the possible ways of exploiting living and non-living ocean resources"},

{"ent1": "a recent review of this legislation",
"rel": "is found in",
"ent2": "CGEE (2007, chapter 2)"},

{"ent1": "A recent survey on the perception of Brazilians about the sea",
"rel": "indicates that",
"ent2": "a large part of the population recognizes the importance of the sea"},

{"ent1": "the sea",
"rel": "is a source of",
"ent2": "food and leisure"},

{"ent1": "Brazilian society",
"rel": "still sees the sea from",
"ent2": "its terrestrial perspective"},

{"ent1": "our EEZ",
"rel": "represents about",
"ent2": "1/3 of the national territory"},

{"ent1": "The loss of the maritime mentality",
"rel": "is aggravated by",
"ent2": "the little emphasis in which the Brazilian sea is presented in primary and secondary education"},

{"ent1": "many topics about the sea",
"rel": "can be worked on in",
"ent2": "science , geography , biology , physics , chemistry and mathematics classes"},

{"ent1": "elementary and high school teachers",
"rel": "can contribute to",
"ent2": "the inclusion of marine sciences"},

{"ent1": "Another way to expand the maritime mentality",
"rel": "is to add",
"ent2": "a degree in oceanography"},

{"ent1": "The Interministerial Commission for the Resources of the Sea",
"rel": "created",
"ent2": "a Maritime Mentality Program"},

{"ent1": "the Maritime Mentality Program",
"rel": "aims to stimulate",
"ent2": "a maritime mentality"},

{"ent1": "This program",
"rel": "also has as one of its goals",
"ent2": "the inclusion of themes related to the sea in the curriculum of elementary and secondary education"},

{"ent1": "The lack of a better-established maritime mentality",
"rel": "makes",
"ent2": "the physical and biological integrity of marine ecosystems vulnerable"},

{"ent1": "the sea",
"rel": "was a determining factor in",
"ent2": "the forging of our culture"},

{"ent1": "One of the largest Brazilian biomes",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "the Blue Amazon Sea"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "supports",
"ent2": "the greatest biodiversity"},

{"ent1": "The hydrographic basin of the Amazon Rainforest",
"rel": "form",
"ent2": "the main terrestrial biome of our country"},

{"ent1": "not having the blue Amazon's coastal and marine biome",
"rel": "would certainly imply",
"ent2": "huge differences on geopolitical, socioeconomic and cultural areas"},

{"ent1": "The oceans",
"rel": "offer",
"ent2": "Mankind four classes of resources"},

{"ent1": "the expression “living resources”",
"rel": "is used to define",
"ent2": "fish production"},

{"ent1": "our almost only form of exploring living resources",
"rel": "has been",
"ent2": "extractive fishing"},

{"ent1": "The laws",
"rel": "regulate fishing in",
"ent2": "Brazil distinguish fishing practices into two categories: commercial fishing and subsistence fishing"},

{"ent1": "industrial fishing",
"rel": "annually captures between",
"ent2": "500 and 600 thousand tons of fish"},

{"ent1": "industrial fishing",
"rel": "represents less than",
"ent2": "1 % of world production"},

{"ent1": "world production of fish",
"rel": "is approximately",
"ent2": "100 million tons"},

{"ent1": "Artisanal and subsistence fishing",
"rel": "supports approximately",
"ent2": "one million fishermen"},

{"ent1": "one million fishermen",
"rel": "live off",
"ent2": "the exploitation of mangroves and other aquatic creatures"},

{"ent1": "our country",
"rel": "does not prosper due to",
"ent2": "a series of factors"},

{"ent1": "fishing in our country",
"rel": "has greater social value than",
"ent2": "an economic value"},

{"ent1": "The physicochemical characteristics of the Amazon Blue waters",
"rel": "are not totally favorable to",
"ent2": "the development of the marine food chain"},

{"ent1": "Such oligotrophic characteristics of the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "are mostly due to",
"ent2": "Brazil 's position in the extreme west of the Atlantic Ocean"},

{"ent1": "the so-called Central Water of the South Atlantic",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "a different origin"},

{"ent1": "the richness of nutrients",
"rel": "is located below",
"ent2": "the upper 100-200 m of the water column on the Atlantic"},

{"ent1": "In this dark layer, photosynthesis",
"rel": "is greatly hampered by",
"ent2": "the absence of light"},

{"ent1": "the continental slope",
"rel": "is located at",
"ent2": "most at a depth of 200 m"},

{"ent1": "our most coastal regions, small depths",
"rel": "allow the penetration of",
"ent2": "solar radiation"},

{"ent1": "On the coast of Peru, nutrient-rich waters",
"rel": "reach",
"ent2": "the sea surface"},

{"ent1": "this little fish",
"rel": "has been disputed by",
"ent2": "about a million “artisanal” fishermen"},

{"ent1": "a million “artisanal” fishermen",
"rel": "practice",
"ent2": "subsistence fishing"},

{"ent1": "a million “artisanal” fishermen",
"rel": "are registered by",
"ent2": "fishing associations and colonies"},

{"ent1": "a million “artisanal” fishermen",
"rel": "depend almost exclusively on",
"ent2": "fishing"},

{"ent1": "The social stability of this fishermen community",
"rel": "is seriously threatened by",
"ent2": "the environmental degradation of the coastal region"},

{"ent1": "industrial fishing",
"rel": "explores",
"ent2": "the same resources as artisanal fishermen"},

{"ent1": "What explains this decline",
"rel": "is the impact on",
"ent2": "the ecosystem of industrial fishing"},

{"ent1": "The fishing nets",
"rel": "are not selective in capturing",
"ent2": "shrimp"},

{"ent1": "shrimp",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "the commercial target of commercial fishing"},

{"ent1": "fish of no commercial value",
"rel": "is discarded back into",
"ent2": "the sea"},

{"ent1": "50 % of fish",
"rel": "are",
"ent2": "discarded"},

{"ent1": "the life cycle of shrimp",
"rel": "depends on",
"ent2": "its natural ecosystem"},

{"ent1": "The impacts of trawling",
"rel": "largely explains the decline in",
"ent2": "commercial stocks"},

{"ent1": "Biodiversity itself",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "a living resource."},

{"ent1": "everything you admire in a marine aquarium",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "a commercial value"},

{"ent1": "A small ornamental fish",
"rel": "is born with",
"ent2": "an added commercial value"},

{"ent1": "The global aquarium hobby",
"rel": "explores",
"ent2": "this biotech vein"},

{"ent1": "The global aquarium hobby",
"rel": "explores in",
"ent2": "a predatory way"},

{"ent1": "exportation of fish",
"rel": "is still a problem for",
"ent2": "the conservation of biodiversity"},

{"ent1": "Marine biotechnology",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "enormous potential"},

{"ent1": "Biotechnology",
"rel": "is one of",
"ent2": "the most developed branches of applied science"},

{"ent1": "The sea",
"rel": "is an unexplored source of",
"ent2": "bioactive substances"},

{"ent1": "Micro-organisms",
"rel": "are also living",
"ent2": "resources"},

{"ent1": "Marine biotechnology",
"rel": "is still carried out by",
"ent2": "small academic groups"},

{"ent1": "exploitation of living resources",
"rel": "follows",
"ent2": "a extractive model"},

{"ent1": "the much more adequate cultivation of organisms",
"rel": "occurs in",
"ent2": "the continental region"},

{"ent1": "existing laws",
"rel": "are not always obeyed in",
"ent2": "the immensity of the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "The legislation",
"rel": "establishes",
"ent2": "the spatial and temporal closure of fishing"},

{"ent1": "The Legislation",
"rel": "tries to protect",
"ent2": "fish stocks"},

{"ent1": "the characteristics of the life cycle of each species",
"rel": "resolve conflicts between",
"ent2": "artisanal and industrial fishing"},

{"ent1": "surveillance",
"rel": "is not always sufficient to control overfishing in",
"ent2": "areas and periods"},

{"ent1": "The exploitation of mineral resources in the subsoil",
"rel": "depends on",
"ent2": "several factors"},

{"ent1": "The main factor of exploitation",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "economic viability"},

{"ent1": "If continental resources decline",
"rel": "then",
"ent2": "the value of the resources would rise"},

{"ent1": "This increase in market value could",
"rel": "make mining",
"ent2": "in marine regions financially attractive"},

{"ent1": "Another factor",
"rel": "is the existence of",
"ent2": "reliable and environmentally adequate technology"},

{"ent1": "Environmental costs",
"rel": "are",
"ent2": "another determining factor on mining"},

{"ent1": "marine mining activities",
"rel": "generally revolve around",
"ent2": "the seabed"},

{"ent1": "benthic organisms",
"rel": "live close to",
"ent2": "the seafloor"},

{"ent1": "the total exploitation of mineral resources",
"rel": "represents almost 4 % of",
"ent2": "the national GDP"},

{"ent1": "the total exploitation of mineral resources",
"rel": "systematically presents",
"ent2": "a positive trade balance"},

{"ent1": "Sand and gravel",
"rel": "are the resources with",
"ent2": "the greatest potential"},

{"ent1": "The civil construction industry",
"rel": "is the major user of",
"ent2": "these resources"},

{"ent1": "the major user of these resources",
"rel": "are extracted from",
"ent2": "coastal regions of the EEZ"},

{"ent1": "marine waters",
"rel": "can hinder the development of",
"ent2": "phytoplankton"},

{"ent1": "due to the destruction of reef habitats, molluscs and crustaceans",
"rel": "there are",
"ent2": "strict laws"},

{"ent1": "The strategic aspect of the Brazilian continental shelf 's sandy resources",
"rel": "was highlighted by",
"ent2": "several authors"},

{"ent1": "Free forms of calcareous algae",
"rel": "are economically viable for",
"ent2": "extraction"},

{"ent1": "these aquatic resources",
"rel": "are of",
"ent2": "great interest to the agroindustry"},

{"ent1": "these aquatic resources",
"rel": "are also used by",
"ent2": "the pharmaceutical and dietetic products industries"},

{"ent1": "the Brazilian EEZ",
"rel": "contains",
"ent2": "the longest continuous platform dominated by carbonate sediments in the world"},

{"ent1": "the coast of Pernambuco , Montalverne and Coutinho",
"rel": "contains estimated reserves of",
"ent2": "more than 1 billion tons of carbonate sediments"},

{"ent1": "the possible environmental impacts of the exploration of this limestone",
"rel": "are similar to",
"ent2": "those already discussed"},

{"ent1": "ilmenite , monazite , zirconite and rutile",
"rel": "occur practically throughout",
"ent2": "the coastal strip of the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "the immersed coastal zone",
"rel": "will present",
"ent2": "the same environmental impacts"},

{"ent1": "Methane hydrates",
"rel": "were observed by",
"ent2": "Tanaka and Silva"},

{"ent1": "in the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "there are mineral resources of",
"ent2": "great potential and interest"},

{"ent1": "the short and medium term results of exploring mineral resources",
"rel": "does not present",
"ent2": "economic feasibility"},

{"ent1": "Polymetallic nodules",
"rel": "are found at",
"ent2": "depths of thousands of meters"},

{"ent1": "Cobaltiferous crusts",
"rel": "occur in",
"ent2": "seamounts"},

{"ent1": "these crusts",
"rel": "contain quantities of",
"ent2": "other substances"},

{"ent1": "Polymetallic sulfides, rich in zinc, copper, lead, gold and silver",
"rel": "are",
"ent2": "another mineral resources near the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "the sea",
"rel": "represent around",
"ent2": "40 % of the global energy matrix"},

{"ent1": "Most of the national oil reserves",
"rel": "are in",
"ent2": "offshore fields"},

{"ent1": "the pre-salt area of ​​the Santos Basin",
"rel": "already supplies around",
"ent2": "1 million barrels"},

{"ent1": "the sea",
"rel": "are being seriously considered by",
"ent2": "industrialized countries"},

{"ent1": "The phenomenon of tides",
"rel": "has been used to create",
"ent2": "power plants"},

{"ent1": "dams ",
"rel": "are used to transform",
"ent2": "the difference in potential energy in electrical energy"},

{"ent1": "the construction of dams in coastal and estuarine regions",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "a high environmental cost"},

{"ent1": "Another way of using tidal energy",
"rel": "is through",
"ent2": "underwater turbines"},

{"ent1": "underwater turbines",
"rel": "are like",
"ent2": "real “submerged windmills”"},

{"ent1": "Coastal environments with large tidal ranges on the Brazilian coast",
"rel": "are restricted to",
"ent2": "the North region"},

{"ent1": "in the Gulf of Maranhense, the tidal currents",
"rel": "reach",
"ent2": "2 m/s of speed"},

{"ent1": "The potential for energy generation by high frequency waves",
"rel": "is estimated at approximately",
"ent2": "2 thousand GW"},

{"ent1": "On average, American west coast waves",
"rel": "produce between",
"ent2": "40 and 70 kW/m"},

{"ent1": "Energy extraction",
"rel": "projects directly from",
"ent2": "the vertical oscillation of the sea surface"},

{"ent1": "Energy extraction projects",
"rel": "have been investigated in",
"ent2": "several countries, Brazil included"},

{"ent1": "the Brazilian \"wave plant\"",
"rel": "was tested at",
"ent2": "the Port of Pecém"},

{"ent1": "almost all of the Brazilian ZEE",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "a high frequency wave regime"},

{"ent1": "On the continental shelf, the main forcing of currents",
"rel": "is the friction between",
"ent2": "the air"},

{"ent1": "the currents generated by the wind",
"rel": "are the ones with",
"ent2": "the greatest kinetic energy"},

{"ent1": "Small coastal stations",
"rel": "could transform the kinetic energy of",
"ent2": "currents"},

{"ent1": "the north coast of the state of São Paulo",
"rel": "is the most suitable for",
"ent2": "this type of use of marine energy"},

{"ent1": "Seawater",
"rel": "usually has",
"ent2": "higher temperatures on the surface"},

{"ent1": "The use of these vertical temperature gradients",
"rel": "involves",
"ent2": "the evaporation-condensation cycle of a substance"},

{"ent1": "ammonia",
"rel": "is evaporated by",
"ent2": "surface hot water"},

{"ent1": "turbines",
"rel": "generate electrical energy in",
"ent2": "the process"},

{"ent1": "water from the greatest depths",
"rel": "is used to cool",
"ent2": "the ammonia"},

{"ent1": "Pioneering experiments carried out with such a process showed that the energy to mantain the system operating",
"rel": "was greater than",
"ent2": "the amount of energy"},

{"ent1": "the United States",
"rel": "took the lead in",
"ent2": "researching energy extraction"},

{"ent1": "the closed system",
"rel": "also maintains",
"ent2": "an open pumping system"},

{"ent1": "in this system, hot surface water",
"rel": "is pumped into",
"ent2": "a vacuum chamber"},

{"ent1": "The deep cold water",
"rel": "pumped into",
"ent2": "the system condenses into fresh water"},

{"ent1": "fresh water",
"rel": "is used for",
"ent2": "consumption"},

{"ent1": "the US government and private companies",
"rel": "enabled",
"ent2": "a small Otec system on a ship anchored off Hawaii"},

{"ent1": "The Otec system",
"rel": "produced",
"ent2": "enough energy to light the ship and keep the computers running."},

{"ent1": "the Otec system",
"rel": "could be analyzed for",
"ent2": "usage on the oceanic islands of the Brazilian EEZ"},

{"ent1": "on the oceanic islands of the Brazilian EEZ,water temperature",
"rel": "can reach",
"ent2": "20°C"},

{"ent1": "the technological developments obtained by Brazilian engineers and companies in the exploration of oil and gas at great depths",
"rel": "can be used to enable",
"ent2": "new experiments"},

{"ent1": "Osmotic gradients",
"rel": "are common in",
"ent2": "the sea"},

{"ent1": "the meeting of fresh water and salt water ",
"rel": "forms",
"ent2": "marked quasi-horizontal saline gradients"},

{"ent1": "quasi-horizontal saline gradients",
"rel": "can generate energy through",
"ent2": "osmosis"},

{"ent1": "Water flowing through semi-permeable membranes to balance osmotic pressure",
"rel": "can be used to spin",
"ent2": "turbines"},

{"ent1": "The technology",
"rel": "could be studied for",
"ent2": "application"},

{"ent1": "The strength of onshore winds for electricity generation",
"rel": "is already a reality in",
"ent2": "Brazil"},

{"ent1": "the sea surface",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "much flatter than the continent"},

{"ent1": "the natural path of the development of wind farms",
"rel": "was towards",
"ent2": "the continent"},

{"ent1": "the North Sea region",
"rel": "already had more than",
"ent2": "3,000 offshore turbines"},

{"ent1": "Most of offshore turbines",
"rel": "are fixed on",
"ent2": "the ocean floor"},

{"ent1": "the construction of offshore turbines",
"rel": "will likely be an interesting alternative for",
"ent2": "states"},

{"ent1": "São Paulo and Paraná",
"rel": "have a high demand close to",
"ent2": "the coast"},

{"ent1": "the ocean 's mechanical or thermodynamic energy",
"rel": "generate",
"ent2": "clean energy"},

{"ent1": "the construction processes of the structures and systems necessary for the construction of",
"rel": "will certainly have",
"ent2": "local environmental impacts"},

{"ent1": "Ecosystem services",
"rel": "are marine resources inherent to",
"ent2": "the environment"},

{"ent1": "From a socio-economic point of view, non-extractive resources",
"rel": "can be as important as",
"ent2": "others"},

{"ent1": "The sea",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "our main transportation route"},

{"ent1": "At least 95 % of foreign trade",
"rel": "is carried out by",
"ent2": "sea"},

{"ent1": "The national industry imports and exports its products",
"rel": "through",
"ent2": "maritime transport"},

{"ent1": "tourism along the Brazilian coast",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "another non-extractive resource"},

{"ent1": "tourism",
"rel": "is contributing about",
"ent2": "10 % of the national GDP"},

{"ent1": "The sea",
"rel": "controls",
"ent2": "the global climate"},

{"ent1": "The sea",
"rel": "preserves an enormous amount of",
"ent2": "heat"},

{"ent1": "the heat",
"rel": "warms",
"ent2": "the atmosphere"},

{"ent1": "The ocean",
"rel": "is heated directly by",
"ent2": "the Sun"},

{"ent1": "the atmosphere",
"rel": "is essentially heated by",
"ent2": "the ocean"},

{"ent1": "the ocean",
"rel": "is heated from",
"ent2": "above"},

{"ent1": "all the heat contained in the atmosphere",
"rel": "can be stored in",
"ent2": "the first few meters of the oceanic water column"},

{"ent1": "the ocean",
"rel": "will hardly be lost unless",
"ent2": "the sea disappears"},

{"ent1": "The maintenance of the Earth's climate, the temperatures",
"rel": "enabled the development of",
"ent2": "life"},

{"ent1": "the development of life",
"rel": "depend on",
"ent2": "this balance"},

{"ent1": "this balance",
"rel": "is mainly regulated by",
"ent2": "the concentration of greenhouse gases"},

{"ent1": "The ocean",
"rel": "occupies almost",
"ent2": "71 % of the Earth 's surface"},

{"ent1": "The oceanic \"biological pump",
"rel": "is the capacity of",
"ent2": "the sea to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to form plant biomass through photosynthesis of microalgae"},

{"ent1": "Phytoplanktonic carbon",
"rel": "flows through",
"ent2": "the food web"},

{"ent1": "Billions of tons of marine debris",
"rel": "settle annually on",
"ent2": "the ocean floor"},

{"ent1": "for millions of years, the ocean",
"rel": "has maintained",
"ent2": "an enormous reservoir of dissolved carbon"},

{"ent1": "the solubility pump",
"rel": "is another form of",
"ent2": "carbon dioxide absortion"},

{"ent1": "another form of carbon dioxide absortion",
"rel": "occurs in",
"ent2": "ocean ecosystems"},

{"ent1": "the solubility pump",
"rel": "is the capacity of",
"ent2": "sea water maintain a certain amount of dissolved carbon dioxide"},

{"ent1": "this water",
"rel": "moves vertically to",
"ent2": "deeper levels"},

{"ent1": "regions of high latitudes",
"rel": "have to move almost horizontally towards",
"ent2": "the terrestrial equator"},

{"ent1": "a high concentration of carbon dioxide",
"rel": "may return to",
"ent2": "the surface"},

{"ent1": "cold waters",
"rel": "are heated by",
"ent2": "solar radiation"},

{"ent1": "excess carbon dioxide",
"rel": "is returned to",
"ent2": "the atmosphere"},

{"ent1": "the more carbon dioxide",
"rel": "is introduced into",
"ent2": "the atmosphere the greater will be the amount of this gas held by the \"physical pump\" in the interior of the ocean"},

{"ent1": "atmospheric carbon dioxide",
"rel": "is reaching",
"ent2": "its limit"},

{"ent1": "its limit",
"rel": "will result in",
"ent2": "an even greater accumulation of this gas"},

{"ent1": "Global warming",
"rel": "will melt",
"ent2": "the polar ice caps"},

{"ent1": "glaciers",
"rel": "could increase the source of",
"ent2": "fresh water"},

{"ent1": "the Gulf Stream",
"rel": "flows along",
"ent2": "the west side of this basin and separates"},

{"ent1": "This advection of hot water",
"rel": "reduces",
"ent2": "the rigor of winter"},

{"ent1": "its decrease",
"rel": "is one of",
"ent2": "the explanations"},

{"ent1": "the “ Little Ice Age ”",
"rel": "occurred between",
"ent2": "the 17th and 18th centuries"},

{"ent1": "the Earth 's surface",
"rel": "is frozen at",
"ent2": "high latitudes"},

{"ent1": "global warming",
"rel": "will result in",
"ent2": "an increase in temperature"},

{"ent1": "the sea surface",
"rel": "would flood",
"ent2": "many of the low-lying coastal regions"},

{"ent1": "the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "houses",
"ent2": "a unique , indivisible and fragile biome"},

{"ent1": "few people",
"rel": "understand",
"ent2": "the damage a shrimp net does to the biodiversity of the submerged sediment"},

{"ent1": "one of the sources of marine contamination",
"rel": "are",
"ent2": "drugs"},

{"ent1": "The marine ecosystem",
"rel": "is evidently vulnerable to",
"ent2": "all types of persistent organic pollutants"},

{"ent1": "poorly planned coastal works",
"rel": "compromises",
"ent2": "the biological and scenic diversity of the coastal zone"},

{"ent1": "The global society",
"rel": "is gradually becoming aware of",
"ent2": "environmental issues"},

{"ent1": "climate change",
"rel": "affects",
"ent2": "us"},

{"ent1": "The Convention on Biological Diversity",
"rel": "recommended the creation of",
"ent2": "a global MPA system"},

{"ent1": "The 300 MPAs",
"rel": "actually represents only 1 % of",
"ent2": "the oceans"},

{"ent1": "the situation",
"rel": "follows",
"ent2": "the global bad example"},

{"ent1": "the existing MPAs",
"rel": "have the category of",
"ent2": "parks, reserves and APAs"},

{"ent1": "the MPAs",
"rel": "add up to",
"ent2": "1.57 % of the entire extension of our territorial sea"},

{"ent1": "a large part of the global marine conservation effort",
"rel": "is associated with",
"ent2": "the depletion of fisheries resources"},

{"ent1": "the oceans",
"rel": "produce at",
"ent2": "least half of the oxygen"},

{"ent1": "the oceans",
"rel": "heat",
"ent2": "the atmosphere"},

{"ent1": "the oceans",
"rel": "regulate",
"ent2": "the air temperature"},

{"ent1": "the atmosphere",
"rel": "is responsible for maintaining",
"ent2": "the climate"},

{"ent1": "the oceans",
"rel": "allowed the proliferation of",
"ent2": "life"},

{"ent1": "the oceans",
"rel": "provide nearly",
"ent2": "100 million tons of animal protein"},

{"ent1": "using alternative low-impact technologies for the artificial production",
"rel": "are examples of",
"ent2": "direct methods"},

{"ent1": "Indirect methods",
"rel": "can be exemplified by",
"ent2": "the increase in environmental education and the maritime mentality of the Brazilian population"},

{"ent1": "One of the alternatives to combat declining fish stocks",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "mariculture"},

{"ent1": "traditional mariculture",
"rel": "is developing with",
"ent2": "a very high environmental cost"},

{"ent1": "traditional mariculture",
"rel": "often presents conflicts with",
"ent2": "urban development"},

{"ent1": "Shrimp , oyster and mussel farming",
"rel": "started timidly in",
"ent2": "the mid-1980s"},

{"ent1": "Shrimp , oyster and mussel farming",
"rel": "then spread to",
"ent2": "estuaries and coastal areas"},

{"ent1": "the coast of Santa Catarina",
"rel": "sheltered",
"ent2": "coastal areas"},

{"ent1": "The impacts caused by the farming of Shrimp , oyster and mussel",
"rel": "harm",
"ent2": "its own activities"},

{"ent1": "This mariculture of molluscs and algae in the open sea the open sea",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "a promising alternative"},

{"ent1": "the water purification capacity of the open platform",
"rel": "is incomparably greater than",
"ent2": "that of the waters of coastal areas"},

{"ent1": "the biological processes of a given region",
"rel": "is essential for",
"ent2": "the recovery of declining fish stocks"},

{"ent1": "Repopulation of fish",
"rel": "consists of",
"ent2": "introducin juveniles of commercially exploited species into the sea"},

{"ent1": "Repopulation",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "an efficient method"},

{"ent1": "repopulation",
"rel": "should be encouraged in",
"ent2": "estuarine regions"},

{"ent1": "artificial habitats",
"rel": "are also a technology used in",
"ent2": "several countries"},

{"ent1": "The artificial manipulation of the habitat",
"rel": "makes",
"ent2": "it more favorable as a shelter"},

{"ent1": "Artificial habitats",
"rel": "also have",
"ent2": "a strong tourist application"},

{"ent1": "artificial habitats",
"rel": "can help preserve",
"ent2": "natural populations"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "holds",
"ent2": "90% of proven oil reserves and 77 per cent of gas reserves in the offshore plataform"},

{"ent1": "the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "has approximately",
"ent2": "the size of India"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "is not even considered",
"ent2": "a political and economic priority of the country"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "is among",
"ent2": "the 10 countries the largest continental shelf"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "keeps hidden",
"ent2": "an incalculable marine wealth"},

{"ent1": "the ZEE",
"rel": "originally exceeded",
"ent2": "3.5 million square kilometers"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "requested to add",
"ent2": "another 963,000 square kilometers"},

{"ent1": "different internal institutions",
"rel": "claim to represent",
"ent2": "the natural tracking of the slope of its continental shelf"},

{"ent1": "The Commission",
"rel": "made up of",
"ent2": "148 countries"},

{"ent1": "the Limits of the Continental Shelf of the Convention",
"rel": "has been the reason for",
"ent2": "Brazil incorporating additional territory"},

{"ent1": "The Brazilian claim",
"rel": "fulfills the requirements of",
"ent2": "the Convention of the Organization of the United Nations"},

{"ent1": "The recognition in favor of Brazil",
"rel": "has not refused to raise",
"ent2": "suspicions"},

{"ent1": "The Brazilian society",
"rel": "does not know about",
"ent2": "the necessity and importance of protecting the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "the speed with which marine resources are explored",
"rel": "is much faster than",
"ent2": "the pace of scientific investigations"},

{"ent1": "The presal deposits",
"rel": "would place",
"ent2": "Brazil among the 10 countries with the largest hydrocarbon reserves in the world"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "produces ",
"ent2": "more than three millions  barrels of oil and gasper day"},

{"ent1": "if we",
"rel": "do not preserve",
"ent2": "The blue Amazon, we will lose it's great wealth"},

{"ent1": "a large part of the EEZ",
"rel": "overlaps with",
"ent2": "the Atlantic Forest biome"},

{"ent1": "the Atlantic Forest biome",
"rel": "extends across",
"ent2": "17 Brazilian states"},

{"ent1": "coastal areas and marinas",
"rel": "represent the ecological transition between",
"ent2": "terrestrial and marine ecosystems"},

{"ent1": "The coast",
"rel": "is composed of",
"ent2": "cold waters in the South and hot waters in the North-East"},

{"ent1": "only 1.5% of the Brazilian maritime zone",
"rel": "is under",
"ent2": "a legal protection figure"},

{"ent1": "ensuring national sovereignty over jurisdictional waters",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "a major political and military challenge"},

{"ent1": "In March, the Brazilian Navy",
"rel": "will participate in",
"ent2": "the Amazonia Azul Operation"},

{"ent1": "the Amazonia Azul Operation",
"rel": "was",
"ent2": "the largest Operation held in Brazil's patrimonial waters"},

{"ent1": "The mission",
"rel": "involved the entire territorial extension of",
"ent2": "Brazil"},

{"ent1": "The Navy vessels",
"rel": "supervise",
"ent2": "the long coastline of Brazil"},

{"ent1": "Illegal fishing ",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "also recurrent"},

{"ent1": "the extraction of resources of the sea",
"rel": "must be carried out in",
"ent2": "a conscious and sustainable  way"},

{"ent1": "a result of this III United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea , Brazil and 118 other countries",
"rel": "signed the United Nations Convention on",
"ent2": "the Law of the Sea"},

{"ent1": "the Law of the Sea",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "articles governing all maritime and oceanic spaces"},

{"ent1": "the corresponding establishment of rights and duties of States",
"rel": "have",
"ent2": "the sea"},

{"ent1": "The UNCLOS",
"rel": "is ratified by",
"ent2": "148 countries"},

{"ent1": "every coastal State",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "the right to establish a Territorial Sea of ​​up to 12 nautical miles, an Exclusive Economic Zone along a coastal strip of 200 nautical miles, and an extended Continental Shelf, whose outer limits are determined by specific criteria, and the coastal State may claim its extension up to the limit of 350 nautical miles"},

{"ent1": "States",
"rel": "exercise",
"ent2": "full sovereignty in the Territorial Sea"},

{"ent1": "In the Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf,the jurisdiction of the states",
"rel": "is limited to",
"ent2": "the exploration and exploration of natural resources"},

{"ent1": "In the Exclusive Economic Zone, all economic goods within the liquid mass, on the seabed and in  the marine subsoil",
"rel": "are exclusive to",
"ent2": "the riparian country"},

{"ent1": "according to the Convention ",
"rel": "in order to be entitled to ownership of the wealth of the maritime soil and subsoil beyond 200 nautical miles",
"ent2": "the requesting State must submit maps and technical reports proving the external limits of its Continental Shelf"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "attempted to do the above in",
"ent2": "1986"},

{"ent1": "Over the next 18 years, the Brazilian proposal",
"rel": "would be sent to",
"ent2": "the Commission on the Limits of the UN Continental Shelf"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "presented its request for",
"ent2": "the extension of the Brazilian Continental Platform in September 2004"},

{"ent1": "the extension of the Brazilian Continental Platform",
"rel": "is under",
"ent2": "evaluation"},

{"ent1": "if the proposal is approved, our country 's maritime spaces",
"rel": "will reach an area of",
"ent2": "​​4.5 million square kilometers"},

{"ent1": "the sea",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "a great economic , environmental and scientific value"},

{"ent1": "the sea",
"rel": "is certainly essential for",
"ent2": "Brazil"},

{"ent1": "the sea",
"rel": "is the most essential of",
"ent2": "the lines of communication"},

{"ent1": "We",
"rel": "live in",
"ent2": "a globalized world"},

{"ent1": "the best solution for transporting goods",
"rel": "still is",
"ent2": "the sea"},

{"ent1": "Proof of the fact that the the best solution for transporting goods still is the sea is",
"rel": "that ",
"ent2": "95 % of Brazilian commercial transactions are carried out by sea"},

{"ent1": "The exploration of oil and natural gas in Brazil",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "the sea as the main source of extraction"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "became self-sufficient in",
"ent2": "oil production in 2006"},

{"ent1": "The virtuosity of future prospects",
"rel": "becomes evident with",
"ent2": "the discovery of what is conventionally called “pre-salt”"},

{"ent1": "The Pre-salt",
"rel": "is a layer of",
"ent2": "rocks"},

{"ent1": "It",
"rel": "is therefore necessary for",
"ent2": "Brazil  to explore the sea in a rational and sustainable manner"},

{"ent1": "our maritime territory",
"rel": "covers an area larger than",
"ent2": "the Amazon"},

{"ent1": "Squad Admiral Roberto de Guimarães Carvalho",
"rel": "coined",
"ent2": "the expression Blue Amazon in 2004 to name the sea that surrounds us and belongs to us"},

{"ent1": "Admiral Guimarães Carvalho",
"rel": "used",
"ent2": "an analogy between the Amazon Rainforest and The Atlantic Sea"},

{"ent1": "the Amazon Rainfores",
"rel": "is a major concern of",
"ent2": "all segments of Brazilian society"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "is comparatively equal to",
"ent2": "another Amazon Rainforest"},

{"ent1": "The term Blue Amazon",
"rel": "was quickly absorbed by",
"ent2": "Navy personnel"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "has been strongly linked to",
"ent2": "the sea"},

{"ent1": "It",
"rel": "was through",
"ent2": "the sea that the Portuguese arrived in 1500"},

{"ent1": "The Atlantic",
"rel": "was the means of",
"ent2": "connection between the hereditary flagships"},

{"ent1": "throughout the 20th century, Brazil",
"rel": "forcibly got rid of",
"ent2": "this maritime mentality"},

{"ent1": "the intensification of international trade",
"rel": "occurred after",
"ent2": "World War II"},

{"ent1": "During WWII, Brazil",
"rel": "was unprepared to keep up with",
"ent2": "the demand"},

{"ent1": "incentives to the Automobile Industry",
"rel": "took away the importance of",
"ent2": "coastal shipping"},

{"ent1": "the economic crises that devastated the country in the 1980s",
"rel": "made",
"ent2": "it impossible to grant incentives to the Naval Industry"},

{"ent1": "these factors",
"rel": "contributed to",
"ent2": "a degradation of the Brazilian Merchant Marine"},

{"ent1": "Proof of this",
"rel": "is the small number of",
"ent2": "ships in the Brazilian Navy"},

{"ent1": "Brazil",
"rel": "spends ",
"ent2": "US$ 7 billion in freight per year"},

{"ent1": "US$ 7 billion",
"rel": "corresponds to",
"ent2": "our annual revenue from soy exports"},

{"ent1": "The Navy",
"rel": "also suffered from",
"ent2": "these factors"},

{"ent1": "Everyone",
"rel": "has heard about",
"ent2": "the Amazon Forest"},

{"ent1": "it is not even necessary to have gone to the Amazon to ",
"rel": "know the importance of this region ",
"ent2": "for our country and for the world"},

{"ent1": "The term \"Blue Amazon\"",
"rel": "is used to refer to",
"ent2": "the Brazilian marine territory"},

{"ent1": "the Exclusive Economic Zone of Brazil",
"rel": "corresponds to approximately",
"ent2": "3.6 million square kilometers"},

{"ent1": "The delineation of the EEZ area",
"rel": "was defined in",
"ent2": "the 3rd United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982"},

{"ent1": "The delineation of the EEZ area only entered into force",
"rel": "on",
"ent2": "November 16, 1994"},

{"ent1": "The territorial sea",
"rel": "must have a maximum of",
"ent2": "22 km"},

{"ent1": "the Contiguous Zone",
"rel": "is adjacent to",
"ent2": "the territorial sea"},

{"ent1": "the Contiguous Zone has a maximum limit",
"rel": "of",
"ent2": "44 km"},

{"ent1": "the Exclusive Economic Zone",
"rel": "must not exceed",
"ent2": "370 km"},

{"ent1": "the Continental Shelf",
"rel": "comprises",
"ent2": "the soil and subsoil of the submarine areas"},

{"ent1": "the soil and subsoil of the submarine areas",
"rel": "may extend up to",
"ent2": "648 km"},

{"ent1": "The Blue Amazon",
"rel": "has",
"ent2": "many riches and potential"},

{"ent1": "the importance of the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "is little recognized by",
"ent2": "Brazilians"},

{"ent1": "the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "has suffered from",
"ent2": "the unsustainable use of resources and pollution"},

{"ent1": "Existing laws",
"rel": "are not always obeyed in",
"ent2": "the immensity of the Blue Amazon"},

{"ent1": "the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "immensity of blue, with approximately half of the Brazilian continental mass"},

{"ent1": "the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "is an exceptional source of",
"ent2": "economic wealth"},

{"ent1": "the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "requires",
"ent2": "preservation, research and investment"},

{"ent1": "the Navy",
"rel": "maintains permanent action ",
"ent2": "such subject"},

{"ent1": "One of the most important programs in its preservation",
"rel": "is",
"ent2": "the Blue Amazon Management System"},

{"ent1": "the Blue Amazon Management System",
"rel": "includes a set of",
"ent2": "equipment and systems to gather information about the oceanic area and share it with other government agencies and companies"},

{"ent1": "Brazil 's strategic environment",
"rel": "includes",
"ent2": "the South Atlantic Ocean"},

{"ent1": "polluted water, illegal fishing and piracy ",
"rel": "are threats to the Blue Amazon,",
"ent2": "informed the Navy"},

{"ent1": "A project carried out throughout 2020",
"rel": "intends to",
"ent2": "map the potential of economic activities in the coastal zone"},

{"ent1": "The project",
"rel": "is headed by",
"ent2": "the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in partnership with the Ministry of Regional Development (MDR)"},

{"ent1": "the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte",
"rel": "will use",
"ent2": "the coast of Rio Grande do Norte as a pilot"},

{"ent1": "the project",
"rel": "will carry out",
"ent2": "a political , economic , social , technological , ecological and legal analysis of the region"},

{"ent1": "the oxygen balance in the ocean",
"rel": "is important for",
"ent2": "food production"},

{"ent1": "the Blue Amazon",
"rel": "has been attacked ",
"ent2": "by climate change , overfishing and invasive species"},

{"ent1": "A good part of the 19% of Brazil's GDP",
"rel": "are",
"ent2": "services associated with tourism and leisure"},

{"ent1": "the great challenge",
"rel": "is to integrate",
"ent2": "scientific actions, maintaining economic and social development and preserving the ocean"},

{"ent1": "In 2019, An oil spill",
"rel": "hit the coast of",
"ent2": "the Northeast and Southeast of Brazil"},

{"ent1": "The Navy and Federal Police",
"rel": "investigated",
"ent2": "the oil Spill"},

{"ent1": "The Navy and Federal Police",
"rel": "have uninterruptedly conducted",
"ent2": "a complex investigation on the oil Spill"}
]}